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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. This disease occurs when there is excess glucose or sugar in the blood, leading to complications such as kidney damage, blindness, and amputations. There are two major types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 and Type 2.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is usually diagnosed in children or young adults. This type of diabetes is caused by an autoimmune response where the body’s immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, causing a lack of insulin in the body. Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes, on the other hand, is caused by lifestyle factors such as obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise. This type of diabetes is more common in adults, but is increasingly being diagnosed in young people. Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes have insulin resistance, which means that their body is unable to use insulin effectively. This leads to high blood sugar levels and the need for medication or insulin therapy to manage the disease.
Prevention
Prevention of diabetes involves making healthy lifestyle choices such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly. For individuals with a family history of the disease, regular check-ups and monitoring of blood sugar levels is important to catch the disease early.
Management
Management of diabetes involves regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, taking medication or insulin therapy as prescribed, and making healthy lifestyle choices. It is also important to maintain regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor for complications and adjust treatment as necessary.
Overall, diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that requires careful management and lifestyle changes. However, with proper management, individuals with diabetes can live long and healthy lives.
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